Origin and evolution of reptiles ppt

Hence, mammalian relationship with the extant reptiles is remote. Dynamic evolution of venom proteins in squamate reptiles. The changes from a reptilian to a mammals lifestyle is significant. To find a common ancestry for a mammal and a lizard one is to retreat back to an ancient reptilian or more possibly to an amphibian stage in evolution. Origin and evolution of reptiles linkedin slideshare. Evolution of tetrapods amphibia through reptiles the crossopterygian fish, eusthenopteron origin of lungs a gill pouch that.

Today this subject is controversial, and scarcely considered in textbooks and journals of botany, in spite of its importance. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 312k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Based on the ecology of living species, a freshwater origin of land plants seems likely, but direct evidence from the fossil record is inconclusive as midpalaeozoic charophytes are found in both freshwater and, more commonly, marine facies47. Evolutionary history of the inner ear bones in mammals can be charted. Millerettids were small, lizardlike reptiles that subsisted on insects and also went extinct at the end of the permian period. Sailbacks or pelycosaurs from north america and russia were primitive synapsids, without. Evolution in all groups of life help in the reconstruction of the historical geology.

Perhaps seymouria is a connecting link between labyrinthodontia and cotylosauria. Vertebrate evolution torsten bernhardt redpath museum, mcgill university. The groups new findings redirect the debate on evolution towards a new underexplored evolutionary scenario. Reptiles are a grade of evolution rather than a clade.

Thus from the point of view of evolution, the living genera of reptiles are never intermediate between amphibians and the mammals or amphibians and the birds. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organization, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as dna and proteins a reptile is any amniote. We need to understand the situation just prior to this in the stem reptiles, the ancestors to mammals, birds, turtles, and other reptiles. Limnoscelis was a genuine reptile from the late carboniferous or early permian of new mexico. From studies of fossils and comparative anatomy, zoologists infer that reptiles arose from amphibians. Reptiles originated approximately 300 million years ago during the carboniferous period. Snake skulls clarify how history s creepiest animals lost their legs. Placentation is best known in livebearing mammals, but also occurs in some fish, reptiles, amphibians, a diversity of invertebrates, and flowering plants. The defining characteristic of vertebrates is their backbone, an anatomical feature that first appeared in the fossil record about 500 million years ago during the ordovician period. Evolution origin and beyond afterhisfiveyearroundtheworldvoyage,darwinarrived. Introduction evolution is the change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Pdf lifehistory evolution in reptiles researchgate. Many features show a considerable advance in this respect over the amphibia.

But afterwards there created a wide lacuna of about 2000 years in which nothing was done for the growth of knowledge on herpetology. Introduction from studies of fossils and comparative anatomy, zoologists infer that reptiles arose from amphibians. The oldest known fossils of reptiles are about 350 millionyearsold. The origin of the sporophyte in land plants represents a fundamental phase in plant evolution. From synapsids to mammals, a well documented transition series. The first land vertebrates, the tetrapoda, appeared about 397 million years ago, near the middle of. The origin of birds hhmi biointeractive video duration. The origin of vertebrates 25112015 marc arenas camps 5 comentaris in this blog we have talked many times about the evolution of different groups of vertebrates. The origin of the reptiles lies about 320310 million years ago, in the swamps of the late carboniferous period, when the first reptiles evolved from advanced reptiliomorph labyrinthodonts. Reptile evolution origin of derivatives reptile evolution origin of derivatives ancestral reptile anapsid, small, legs out to sides. They have to lay out in the sun to keep their body heat up. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Proterocheris is another ancient fossil turtle that lived at the same time as proganochelys.

The evolution of snakes from lizards explained by new. Evolution of life through ages throw a light on palaeobiosphere of the past. The history of banking began when empires needed a way to pay for foreign goods and services, with something that could be exchanged more easily. Animals that are coldblooded dont automatically maintain a constant body temperature. Reptiles may be defined as coldblooded vertebrates, breathe by lungs throughout their existence, and having the body covered with scales or scutes. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The origin of mammals is now one of the bestdocumented evolutionary transitions in the fossil record. The evolution of modern penguins took place over the course of approximately 3 million years. Reptiles, following the discovery of extinct marine forms such as the ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs,theflyingpterosaurs,andfinally. Reptiles for ks1 and ks2 children reptiles homework help. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office.

In vertebrates, placentas have evolved more than 100 times independently, with the majority of these instances occurring in squamate reptiles. They invented a large yolkladen shelled egg that could be laid on land and in which an amniotic sac contained fluid in which embryo could develop to an. Understanding the evolution of reptile chromosomes through. The scientific study of reptiles dates back to the times of aristotle and pliny 400 b. The therapsids, members of the subclass synapsida sometimes called the mammallike reptiles, generally were unimpressive in relation to other reptiles of their time. Phylogenetic studies favour a single origin of land plants from charophycean green algae box 1. Here are various groups of vertebrates in the order in which they evolved. Romer treats it as a reptile under the order cotylosauria, whereas others classify it with primitive amphibia under the order seymouriamorpha. Ncert general science origin of life on earth the universe is very old almost billion years old.

Evolution of reptiles has been marked by three mass extinction as shown in the right. They were found in deposits from the early carboniferous period, which occurred between 360 and 286 million years ago. Ppt origin and evolution of reptiles powerpoint presentation, free. The term reptilia has originated from a latin word repere which means to creep. Origin of tetrapods amphibia zoology for ias, ifos and. This teaching resource was made possible with funding from the promoscience programme of nserc. Origin of life on earth evolution of life on earth adaptive radiation biological evolution origin and evolution of man timeline of evolution. Microsoft powerpoint synapsids and evolution of mammals compatibility mode. The origin of reptiles is well suited to maintain life on land. Reptiles are coldblooded vertebrates that evolved from ancestral amphibians about 340 million years ago. The amniotic egg of the reptile is vastly more complex and utterly. Apparently human evolution is just like that of other groups.

C o n c l u s i o n evolution is the fundamental property of life. The two bestknown terrestrial milleretids were eunotosaurus and milleretta. Reptile evolution including the evolution of humans, mammals, birds. Proterocheris has many features that suggest that it is a sidenecked turtle. Vertebrates are a wellknown group of animals that includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Phylogenetic analyses of toxin gene families have revolutionised our understanding of the origin and evolution of reptile venoms, leading to the current hypothesis that venom evolved once in. Every textbook of evolution asserts that reptiles evolved from amphibia but none explains how the major distinguishing adaptation of the reptiles, the amniotic egg, came about gradually as a result of a successive accumulation of small changes. There are three major living extant groups of mammals. The first hint that birds evolved from reptiles appeared in 1861, only a few years after darwin published on the origin of species, with the discovery of an exquisite skeleton of a late jurassic ca. Origin and evolution of reptiles flashcards quizlet. The origin of the reptiles lies about 320310 million years ago, in the swamps of the late carboniferous period, when the first reptiles evolved from advanced. Origin and evolution of reptiles study guide by aroraroo includes 19 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. A brief look at classification old view amphibians give rise to reptiles, reptiles give rise to birds and mammals phyletic patterns. One of the oldestknown amniotes is casineria, which had both amphibian and reptilian.

The oldest known animal that may have been an amniote, a reptile rather than an amphibian, is casineria though it has also been argued to be a temnospondyl amphibian. Thus, the study adds another dimension to the investigation of snake origins. The clade that includes reptiles, mammals, and birds is the amniota. Origin of reptiles zoology for ias, ifos and other. Evolution of reptiles reptiles originated approximately 300 million years ago during the carboniferous period. One of the descendants of the basal penguin, named by scientists as penguin one, is the ancestor of all penguins that now exist in the world, and it lived some 34. If this is true, the two major taxonomic groups of living turtles, suborders pleurodira sidenecked turtles and cryptodira hidden necks. As new species evolved, they filled ecologic niches. By comparing reptile genomes, we are able to trace the origin of sex chromosomes and gain general insight in sex chromosome evolution. Reptiles are coldblooded, relying on external heat sources to raise their body temperature to a point necessary for activity. Our own evolutionary history has many deadend side branches. This also means that reptiles dont burn as much energy keeping their body warm and, as a result, they dont have to eat nearly as much food.